HVX doesn't spread in the soil as a virus can only live in tissue, not in soil.
The issue of HVX being spread in Holland can arise from 2 methods: 1) cutting and dividing plants in the field. Almost everything is field grown and they almost always are cut when harvested. So I would think this is the initial way that the virus is spread 2) it is speculated and I believe it is possible to spread them by power washing and reusing the water.
The USDA has inspectors out in the fields in Holland but since the virus can take at least a season to show the signs it just might not be noticable until the plants are shipped out and then begin to grow the next season. It has traditionally only been done as a visual inspection. Only now are they starting to do more field testing from what I've heard.
The plants showing up in Lowe's and Home Depot should have been inspected by the growers before they were shipped, in my opinion. The growers are given certification as growers by the USDA and there is some expectation on their part to notice problems like this. Why nobody noticed those horrific plants going out is just beyond me. They were fully leafed out and loaded on a truck looking like that
But there still seems to be this aura of disbelief in these letters and grower responses. I think just about anyone familiar with the virus can look at the plants on the shelf and confirm 100% that those plants are virused, yet they still send out samples to be tested. When will people just stop and think about it. That's not what hostas are supposed to look like! This is not right, this is bad, throw them away!
Plant viruses have been around forever. Ever since I started in the growing business I've seen virused plants from time to time. You see a plant here or there come up with strange looking leaves, bad looking flowers, or maybe it just isn't growing very good so you pitch it. End of story. You don't send it out for a test. Maybe once in a while you are wrong but why would you want something like that around anyway? Whoever invented the markdown plant table for things like that should have been fired...
Last summer I was sending out HEALTHY looking leaves for testing, or leaves that I just couldn't tell for sure visually and needed a second opinion. A couple of those second opinions came back negative for virus so I watched the plants and sure enough they looked fine later. But when we see plants as bad as the ones at Lowe's or Home Depot like Royal Standard, Blue Cadet, So Sweet, Birchwood Parky's Gold, or the so called 'Sugar and Cream' there isn't a question of "Is it virused or what virus is it?". It is a question of how fast can I get them to the dumpster...